How Does Amber Finance Work?

Lending|Risk C|6 mechanisms|4 interactions

Amber Finance is a Bitcoin-focused lending protocol on Neutron (Cosmos ecosystem) that enables users to deposit, borrow, and leverage Bitcoin-Related Tokens (BRTs) like wrapped BTC and BTC derivatives. Built on a hardened fork of Mars Protocol's battle-tested Red Bank lending contracts, Amber offers pre-configured looping strategies that allow up to 10x leverage on BRT positions. The protocol features LTV ratios up to 90%, credit-account architecture for position safety, and real-time position analytics. It targets Bitcoin holders seeking yield through leverage strategies in the Cosmos DeFi ecosystem.

TVL

$157,000

Sector

Lending

Risk Grade

C

Value Grade

D-

Core Mechanisms

6.1.1

Overcollateralized lending pools for Bitcoin-Related Tokens on Neutron (Cosmos) with LTV up to 90%

Fork of Mars Protocol Red Bank adapted for BRT-specific lending. High LTV ratios of up to 90% enable aggressive leverage.

6.2.2

Interest rate curves inherited from Mars Protocol Red Bank with BRT-specific parameters

Kinked utilization model from Mars Protocol adapted for Bitcoin-Related Token markets.

6.3.2

Hardened liquidation logic with conservative parameters for leveraged BRT positions

Credit-account oriented architecture with enhanced liquidation safety for high-leverage positions.

6.4.1

Oracle feeds for Bitcoin-Related Tokens on Neutron chain

Price feeds for various BRT derivatives require reliable oracle infrastructure on the Cosmos/Neutron ecosystem.

7.1.1

Novel

Automated looping strategies that repeatedly deposit and borrow BRTs for up to 10x leverage

Novel pre-configured looping strategy automation enabling users to easily achieve high leverage through repeated deposit-borrow cycles.

8.2.1

Novel

Bitcoin-Related Tokens bridged from Bitcoin to Neutron via various bridge protocols

BRTs represent various forms of wrapped or bridged Bitcoin derivatives, each with their own custody, bridge, and depeg risk profiles.

How the Pieces Interact

10x leverage loopingBRT price volatilityHigh

Leveraged looping at 90% LTV means a small price decline triggers cascading liquidations. At 10x leverage, a 10% BRT price drop liquidates the entire position, and mass liquidations can further depress BRT prices.

BRT bridge dependencyLending collateral valueHigh

If a BRT bridge is compromised or a wrapped BTC variant depegs, collateral values drop suddenly. The lending protocol cannot distinguish between a legitimate price decline and a bridge failure.

Mars Protocol fork modificationsBRT-specific parametersMedium

Modifications to Mars Protocol's Red Bank for BRT-specific use cases could introduce vulnerabilities not covered by the original audit. Fork-specific code changes are the most common source of DeFi exploits.

Neutron/Cosmos oracle infrastructureBRT price discoveryMedium

BRT price feeds on Neutron may have limited sources and thin reference markets, making oracle manipulation or stale prices more likely than for major assets on Ethereum.

What Could Go Wrong

  1. Mars Protocol exploit (December 2025) cascaded to Amber Finance, reducing TVL from $22M to $146K; protocol is in effective wind-down with Neutron Foundation managing remediation
  2. Up to 10x leverage via repeated deposit-borrow 'looping' on Bitcoin-Related Tokens creates extreme liquidation cascade risk — a 10% BRT price decline could wipe out fully leveraged positions
  3. Bitcoin-Related Tokens (BRTs) on Neutron are wrapped or bridged BTC derivatives with their own depeg risks — the lending protocol inherits bridge, wrapping, and custody risk from every supported BRT

Leveraged BRT Liquidation Cascade

Moderate

Trigger: A rapid Bitcoin price decline or BRT depeg event triggers cascading liquidations across leveraged looping positions

  1. 1.BTC price drops 10-15% or a major BRT depegs Highly leveraged looping positions (up to 10x) hit liquidation thresholds simultaneously
  2. 2.Mass liquidations dump BRTs into thin Neutron markets BRT prices fall further as liquidation volume overwhelms liquidity
  3. 3.Cascading liquidations exhaust all collateral Protocol accumulates bad debt as liquidation proceeds cannot cover outstanding borrows

Risk Profile at a Glance

Mechanism Novelty6/15
Interaction Severity11/20
Oracle Surface4/10
Documentation Gaps4/10
Track Record12/15
Scale Exposure0/10
Regulatory Risk5/10
Vitality Risk6/10
C

Overall: C (48/100)

Lower score = safer

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